Who this affects
Screen readers announce these images as "image" or read the file name aloud. Customers using assistive technology cannot tell what is shown.
How to fix it
Add a descriptive alt attribute to every meaningful image. Decorative images should carry alt="" so they are skipped.
Effort Low · ~5 min per image
Before and after
Fails
<img src="/img/kettle-9013.jpg">Passes
<img src="/img/kettle-9013.jpg"
alt="Stainless steel kettle with a black handle">
<!-- purely decorative: -->
<img src="/img/swirl.svg" alt="">Where this sits in the standard
| WCAG success criterion | Level | EN 301 549 clause |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1 Non-text Content | A | 301-549, 9.1.1.1 |
EN 301 549 clause 9 applies these criteria to web content. The published version referenced by the European Accessibility Act is V3.2.1, which incorporates WCAG 2.1 level A and AA. More on the standard.
How to check it by hand
Turn images off in the browser, or run the page through a screen reader and listen to the image announcements. If you hear a file name, a hash, or nothing where something meaningful should be, the alternative is missing. Ask of every image: if this were removed, what would the reader need told?
Automated testing settles roughly a third of the WCAG success criteria. This rule is one an automated tool detects reliably — but a clean automated result is not proof of conformance.
Reference
Deque's technical write-up for this rule: image-alt
See whether your site trips this rule
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